Ethiopia/

Ethiopia’s poverty-stricken economy is based on agriculture, accounting for almost 45% of GDP, and 85% of total employment. The agricultural sector suffers from frequent drought and poor cultivation practices. Coffee is critical to the Ethiopian economy with exports of some $350 million in 2006, but historically low prices have seen many farmers switching to qat to supplement income. Under Ethiopia’s constitution, the state owns all land and provides long-term leases to the tenants; the system continues to hamper growth in the industrial sector as entrepreneurs are unable to use land as collateral for loans. In November 2001, Ethiopia qualified for debt relief from the Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative, and in December 2005 the IMF forgave Ethiopia’s debt. The global economic downturn led to balance of payments pressures, partially alleviated by recent emergency funding from the IMF. While GDP growth has remained high, per capita inome is among the lowest in the world.

$84.02 billion (2010 est.)

$78.52 billion (2009 est.)

$72.24 billion (2008 est.)

$30.94 billion (2010 est.)

7% (2010 est.)

8.7% (2009 est.)

11.6% (2008 est.)

$1,000 (2010 est.)

$900 (2009 est.)

$900 (2008 est.)

37.9 million (2007)

NA%

38.7% (FY05/06 est.)

30 (2000)

40 (1995)

25.2% of GDP (2010 est.)

39.3% of GDP (2010 est.)

35.4% of GDP (2009 est.)

7% (2010 est.)

8.5% (2009 est.)

NA%

8% (31 December 2008)

7% (31 December 2006)

$4.764 billion (31 December 2010 est)

$4.972 billion (31 December 2009 est)

$8.248 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

$8.641 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

$8.661 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

$9.292 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

$NA

cereals, pulses, coffee, oilseed, cotton, sugarcane, potatoes, qat, cut flowers; hides, cattle, sheep, goats; fish

food processing, beverages, textiles, leather, chemicals, metals processing, cement

9.5% (2010 est.)

3.46 billion kWh (2007 est.)

3.13 billion kWh (2007 est.)

0 kWh (2008 est.)

0 kWh (2008 est.)

0 bbl/day (2009 est.)

38,000 bbl/day (2009 est.)

0 bbl/day (2007 est.)

33,590 bbl/day (2007 est.)

430,000 bbl (1 January 2010 est.)

0 cu m (2008 est.)

0 cu m (2008 est.)

0 cu m (2008 est.)

0 cu m (2008 est.)

24.92 billion cu m (1 January 2010 est.)

-$2.232 billion (2010 est.)

-$1.996 billion (2009 est.)

$1.729 billion (2010 est.)

$1.636 billion (2009 est.)

coffee, qat, gold, leather products, live animals, oilseeds

China 10.87%, Germany 9.75%, Saudi Arabia 7.39%, US 7.21%, Netherlands 6.38%, Switzerland 5.33%, Sudan 4.35%, Belgium 4% (2009)

$7.517 billion (2010 est.)

$6.946 billion (2009 est.)

food and live animals, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, machinery, motor vehicles, cereals, textiles

China 14.73%, Saudi Arabia 8.41%, India 7.65%, US 4.3% (2009)

$1.88 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

$1.781 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

$4.289 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

$3.621 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

birr (ETB) per US dollar - 14.4 (2010), 11.7776 (2009), 9.57 (2008), 8.96 (2007), 8.69 (2006)