Finland/

Finland has a highly industrialized, largely free-market economy with per capita output roughly that of Austria, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Sweden. Trade is important with exports accounting for over one third of GDP in recent years. Finland is strongly competitive in manufacturing - principally the wood, metals, engineering, telecommunications, and electronics industries. Finland excels in high-tech exports such as mobile phones. Except for timber and several minerals, Finland depends on imports of raw materials, energy, and some components for manufactured goods. Because of the climate, agricultural development is limited to maintaining self-sufficiency in basic products. Forestry, an important export earner, provides a secondary occupation for the rural population. Finland had been one of the best performing economies within the EU in recent years and its banks and financial markets avoided the worst of global financial crisis. However, the world slowdown hit exports and domestic demand hard in 2009, with Finland experiencing one of the deepest contractions in the euro zone. A recovery of exports stimulated economic growth in 2010, and led to a lowering of unemployment. The recession left a deep mark on general government finances and the debt ratio, turning previously strong budget surpluses into deficits. In the next few years, the great challenge of economic policy will be to implement a post-recession exit strategy in which measures supporting growth will be combined with general government adjustment measures. Longer-term, Finland must address a rapidly aging population and decreasing productivity that threaten competitiveness, fiscal sustainability, and economic growth.

$185.4 billion (2010 est.)

$181.6 billion (2009 est.)

$197.6 billion (2008 est.)

$232 billion (2010 est.)

2.1% (2010 est.)

-8.1% (2009 est.)

1% (2008 est.)

$35,300 (2010 est.)

$34,600 (2009 est.)

$37,700 (2008 est.)

2.68 million (2010 est.)

7.9% (2010 est.)

8.2% (2009 est.)

NA%

29.5 (2007)

25.6 (1991)

18.7% of GDP (2010 est.)

45.4% of GDP (2010 est.)

40.3% of GDP (2009 est.)

1.1% (2010 est.)

0% (2009 est.)

1.75% (31 December 2009)

3% (31 December 2008)

3.51% (31 December 2009 est.)

5.79% (31 December 2008 est.)

$108 billion (31 December 2010 est)

$110.4 billion (31 December 2009 est)

$160.4 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

$168.5 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

$259.2 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

$241.6 billion (31 December 2008 est.)

$91.02 billion (31 December 2009)

$154.4 billion (31 December 2008)

$369.2 billion (31 December 2007)

barley, wheat, sugar beets, potatoes; dairy cattle; fish

metals and metal products, electronics, machinery and scientific instruments, shipbuilding, pulp and paper, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, clothing

6% (2010 est.)

77.44 billion kWh (2008 est.)

87.25 billion kWh (2008)

3.335 billion kWh (2008)

16.11 billion kWh (2008)

8,718 bbl/day (2009 est.)

206,200 bbl/day (2009 est.)

130,500 bbl/day (2009 est.)

337,900 bbl/day (2009 est.)

NA bbl (1 January 2010 est.)

NA (2008 est.)

4.289 billion cu m (2009)

0 cu m (2008 est.)

4.289 billion cu m (2009)

0 cu m (1 January 2010 est.)

$4.696 billion (2010 est.)

$3.444 billion (2009 est.)

$73.53 billion (2010 est.)

$62.69 billion (2009 est.)

electrical and optical equipment, machinery, transport equipment, paper and pulp, chemicals, basic metals; timber

Germany 10.32%, Sweden 9.79%, Russia 9%, US 7.85%, Netherlands 5.9%, UK 5.24%, China 4.1% (2009)

$69.11 billion (2010 est.)

$57.68 billion (2009 est.)

foodstuffs, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, transport equipment, iron and steel, machinery, textile yarn and fabrics, grains

Russia 16.28%, Germany 15.76%, Sweden 14.65%, Netherlands 6.99%, China 5.29%, France 4.22% (2009)

$9.128 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

$11.45 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

$370.8 billion (30 June 2010)

$339.5 billion (31 December 2008)

$87.99 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

$85.71 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

$122.2 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

$118.7 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.7715 (2010), 0.7179 (2009), 0.6827 (2008), 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006)